The Thomas Lab » Publications

Publications

2010 Go back to top

Paaijmans, K.P., Blanford, S., Bell, A.S., Blanford, J.I., Read, A.F. & Thomas, M.B. (2010). Influence of climate on malaria transmission depends on daily temperature variation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 107: 15135–15139. (SI)

Farenhorst, M., Knols, B.G.J., Thomas, M.B., Howard, A.F.V., Takken, W., Rowland, M. & N’Guessan R. (2010). Synergy in efficacy of fungal entomopathogens and permethrin against West African insecticide-resistant Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes. PLoS ONE 5(8): e12081.

Paaijmans, K.P., Imbahale, S.S., Thomas, M.B. & Takken, W. (2010). Relevant microclimate for determining the development rate of malaria mosquitoes and possible implications of climate change. Malaria Journal 9:196.

Kikankie, C.K., Brooke, B.D., Knols, B.G.J., Koekemoer, L.L., Farenhorst, M., Hunt, R.H., Thomas, M.B. & Coetzee, M. (2010). The infectivity of the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana to insecticide-resistant and susceptible Anopheles arabiensis mosquitoes at two different temperatures. Malaria Journal 9:71.

Paini, D.R., Worner, S.P., Cook, D.C., De Barro, P.J. & Thomas, M.B. (2010). Using a self organising map to predict invasive species: sensitivity to data errors and a comparison with expert opinion. Journal of Applied Ecology 47: 290-298.

2009 Go back to top

Koella, J.C., Lynch, P.A., Thomas, M.B. & Read, A.F. (2009). Towards evolution-proof malaria control with insecticides. Evolutionary Applications 2: 469-480.

Farenhorst, M., Mouatcho, J.C., Kikankie, C.K., Brooke, B.D., Hunt, R.H., Thomas, M.B., Koekemoer, L.L., Knols, B.G.J. & Coetzee, M. (2009). Fungal infection counters insecticide resistance in African malaria mosquitoes. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 106: 17443–17447. (SI)

Paaijmans, K.P., Read, A.F. & Thomas, M.B. (2009). Understanding the link between malaria risk and climate. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 106: 13844–13849. (SI)

Cardinale, B., Duffy, E., Srivastava, D., Loreau, M., Thomas, M.B. & Emmerson, M. (2009). Towards a food-web perspective on biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. In: Biodiversity, Ecosystem Functioning, and Human Wellbeing: An Ecological and Economic Perspective (S. Naeem, D. Bunker, A. Hector, M. Loreau and C. Perrings, eds.). Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK, pp 105-120.

Jackson, L.E., Rosenstock, T., Thomas, M.B., Wright, J. & Symstad, A. (2009). Managed ecosystems: biodiversity and ecosystem functions in landscapes modified by human use. In: Biodiversity, Ecosystem Functioning, and Human Wellbeing: An Ecological and Economic Perspective (S. Naeem, D. Bunker, A. Hector, M. Loreau and C. Perrings, eds.). Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK, pp 178-194.

Ostfeld, R.S., Thomas, M.B. & Keesing, F. (2009). Biodiversity and ecosystem function: perspectives on disease. In: Biodiversity, Ecosystem Functioning, and Human Wellbeing: An Ecological and Economic Perspective (S. Naeem, D. Bunker, A. Hector, M. Loreau and C. Perrings, eds.). Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK, pp 209-216.

Engelhardt, K., Symstad, A., Prieur-Richard, A-H., Thomas, M.B. & Bunker, D.E. (2009). Opening communities to colonization – The impacts of invaders on biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. In: Biodiversity, Ecosystem Functioning, and Human Wellbeing: An Ecological and Economic Perspective (S. Naeem, D. Bunker, A. Hector, M. Loreau and C. Perrings, eds.). Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK, pp 217-229.

Darbro, J., & Thomas, M.B. (2009). Spore persistence and likely aeroallergenicity of entomopathogenic fungi used for mosquito control. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 80, 992-997.

Blanford, S., Read, A.F. & Thomas, M.B. (2009). Thermal behaviour of Anopheles stephensi in response to infection with malaria and fungal entomopathogens. Malaria Journal 8:71.

Read, A.F., Lynch, P.A. & Thomas, M.B. (2009). How to make evolution-proof insecticides for malaria control. PLoS Biology 7(4).

Bell, A.S., Blanford, S., Jenkins, N.E., Thomas, M.B. & Read, A.F. (2009). Real-time quantitative PCR for analysis of candidate fungal biopesticides against malaria: technique validation and first applications. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 100, 160-169.

Thomas, M.B., Lafferty, K.D. & Friedman, C.S. (2009). Biodiversity and disease. In: Biodiversity Change and Human Health: From Ecosystem Services to Spread of Disease. Eds. Sala, O., Meyerson, L.A. and Parmesan, C. Island Press, Washington, pp 229-244.

Wilby, A., Mitchell, C., Blumenthal, D., Daszak, P., Friedman, C.S., Jutro, P., Mazumder, A., Prieur-Richard, A-H., Desprez-Loustau, M.L., Sharma, M. & Thomas, M.B. (2009). Biodiversity, food provision and human well-being. In: Biodiversity Change and Human Health: From Ecosystem Services to Spread of Disease. Eds. Sala, O., Meyerson, L.A. and Parmesan, C. Island Press, Washington, pp 13-40.

Meyerson, L.M., Sala, O., Froment, A., Friedman, C.S., Hund-Rinke, K., Martens, P., Mazumder, A., Purohit, A., Thomas, M.B. & Wilby A. (2009). Allocation of biodiversity to sustainably improve human health and well-being. In: Biodiversity Change and Human Health: From Ecosystem Services to Spread of Disease. Eds. Sala, O., Meyerson, L.A. and Parmesan, C. Island Press, Washington, pp 83-98.

Yokomizo, H., Possingham, H.P., Thomas, M.B. & Buckley, Y.M. (2009). Managing the impact of invasive species: the value of knowing the density–impact curve. Ecological Applications 19, 376-386.

Read, A.F. & Thomas, M.B. (2009). Mosquitoes cut short. Science 323, 51-52.

Hancock, P.A., Thomas, M.B., Godfray, H.C.J. (2009). An age-structured model to evaluate the potential of novel malaria-control interventions: a case study of fungal biopesticide sprays. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B 276, 71-80.

2008 Go back to top

Griffiths, G.J.K., Wilby, A., Crawley, M.J. & Thomas, M.B. (2008). Density-dependent effects of predator species-richness in diversity-function studies. Ecology 89, 2986–2993.

Baker, R.H.A., Black, R., Copp, G.H., Hulme, P.E. Haysom, K.A., Thomas, M.B. et al. (2008). The UK risk assessment scheme for all non-native species. In: Biological Invasions. Eds. Rabitsch, W., F. Essl and F. Klingenstein. pp 46-57.

Baker, R.H.A., Black, R., Copp, G.H., Hulme, P.E. Haysom, K.A., Thomas, M.B. et al. (2008). Developing a risk assessment scheme for all UK non-native species. Neobiota 7, 46-57.

Griffiths, G.J.K., Holland, J.M., Bailey, A. & Thomas, M.B. (2008). The efficacy and economics of shelter habitats for conservation biological control. Biological Control 45, 200-209.

2007 Go back to top

Lawrence, L., Reid, A.M. & Thomas, M.B. (2007). Gauging the effectiveness of biocontrol programmes. Farming Ahead 191, 28-30.

Lawrence, L., Reid, A.M. & Thomas, M.B. (2007). Assessing the effectiveness of biological control in controlling invasive species. Outlooks on Pest Management 18, 219-221.

Cook, D.C., Thomas, M.B., Cunningham, S.A., Anderson, D.L. & De Barro, P.J. (2007). Predicting the economic impact of an invasive species on an ecosystem service. Ecological Applications 17, 1832-1840.

Thomas, M.B. & Read, A.F. (2007). Fungal bioinsecticide with a sting. Nature Biotechnology 25, 1367-1368.

Thomas, M.B. & Reid, A.M. (2007). Are exotic natural enemies an effective means for controlling invasive plants? Trends in Ecology and Evolution 22, 447-453.

Klass, J.I., Blanford, S. & Thomas, M.B. (2007). Development of a model for evaluating the effects of environmental temperature and thermal behaviour on biological control of locusts and grasshoppers using pathogens. Agricultural and Forest Entomology 9, 189-199.

Klass, J.I., Blanford, S. & Thomas, M.B. (2007). Use of a geographic information system to explore spatial variation in pathogen virulence and the implications for biological control of locusts and grasshoppers. Agricultural and Forest Entomology 9, 201-208.

Stevens, C.J., Fraser, I., Mitchely, J.M. & Thomas, M.B. (2007). Making ecological science policy-relevant: issues of scale and disciplinary integration. Landscape Ecology 22, 799-809.

Thomas, M.B. & Read, A.F. (2007). Can fungal biopesticides control malaria? Nature Reviews Microbiology 5, 377-383.

Wilby, A. & Thomas, M.B. (2007). Diversity and pest management in agroecosystems – some perspectives from ecology. In: Managing biodiversity in agricultural ecosystems. Eds. Jarvis, D.I., Padoch, C. and Cooper, H.D. Columbia University Press, New York, pp 269-291.

2006 Go back to top

Knols, B. & Thomas, M.B. (2006). Fungal entomopathogens for adult mosquito control – a look at the prospects. Outlooks on Pest Management 17, 257-260.

Thomas, M.B., Arthurs, S.P. & Watson, E.L. (2006). Trophic and guild interactions and the influence of multiple species on disease. In: Trophic and Guild Interactions in Biological Control (Eds. Brodeur, J. and Boivin G.). Springer, Dordrecht, pp 101-122.

Casula, P., Wilby, A. & Thomas, M.B. (2006). Understanding biodiversity effects on prey in multi-enemy systems. Ecology Letters 9, 995-1004.

Wilby, A., Lan, L.P., Heong, K.L., Huyen, N.P.D., Quang, N.H., Minh, N.V. & Thomas, M.B. (2006). Arthropod diversity and community structure in relation to land use in the Mekong delta, Vietnam. Ecosystems 9, 538-549.

2005 Go back to top

Wilby, A. & Thomas, M.B. (2005). Biodiversity and the Functioning of Selected Terrestrial Ecosystems: Agricultural Systems. In: UNESCO Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems.

Thomas, M.B., Blanford, S., Jenkins, N.E., Killeen, G.F., Knols, B.G.J., Read, A.F., Schlote, E-J., Takken, W. (2005). Benefits and risks in malaria control. Science 310, 50.

Baker, R.H.A., Black, R., Copp, G.H., Hulme, P.E. Haysom, K.A. & Thomas, M.B. (2005). Standard methodology to assess the risks from non-native species considered possible problems to the environment. website

Blanford, S., Chan, B.H.K., Jenkins, N.E., Sim, D., Turner, R.J., Read, A.F. & Thomas, M.B. (2005). Fungal pathogen reduces potential for malaria transmission. Science 308, 1638-1641. (SI)

Elliot, S.L., Blanford, S., Horton, C. & Thomas, M.B. (2005). Impacts of fever on locust life history traits: cost or benefit? Biology Letters 1, 181-184.

Springate, S & Thomas, M.B. (2005). Thermal Biology of the Meadow Grasshopper, Chorthippus parallelus, and the implications for resistance to disease. Ecological Entomology 30, 724-732.

Van Rijn, P.C.J., Burgio, G. & Thomas, M.B. (2005). Impact of intraspecific and intraguild predation on predator invasion and coexistence. Can exotic ladybeetles displace native species? In: Second International Symposium on Biological Control of Arthropods. M.S. Hoddle (ed.), USDA Forest Service Publication, pp. 38-47.

Wilby, A., Villareal, S.C., Lan, L.P. , Heong, K.L & Thomas, M.B. (2005). Functional benefits of predator species diversity depend on prey identity. Ecological Entomology 30, 497-501.

2004 Go back to top

Thomas, M.B. & Kooyman, C. (2004). Locust Biopesticides: a Tale of Two Continents. Biocontrol News and Information 25, 47N-51N.

Thomas, M.B., Casula, P. & Wilby, A. (2004). Biological control and indirect effects. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 19, 61.

MacLeod, A., Wratten, S.D., Sotherton, N.W. & Thomas, M.B. (2004) ‘Beetle banks’ as refuges for beneficial arthropods in farmland: long-term changes in predator communities and habitat. Agricultural and Forest Entomology 6, 147-154.

2003 Go back to top

Thomas, M.B. & Blanford, S. (2003). Thermal biology in insect-pathogen interactions. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 18, 344-350.

Thomas, M.B. & Lynch, L.D. (2003). Ecological insights into factors affecting the non-target impact of microbial control agents. In: Environmental Impacts of Microbial Insecticides: Need and Methods for Risk Assessment (Ed. by H.M.T Hokkanen and A.E. Hajek). Kluwer. pp 221-236.

Thomas, M.B., Watson. E.L. & Valverde-Garcia, P. (2003). Mixed infections and insect-pathogen interactions. Ecology Letters 6, 183-188.

Arthurs, S.P., Thomas, M.B. & Langewald, J. (2003). Field observations of the effects of fenitrothion and Metarhizium anisopliae var. acridum on non-target ground dwelling arthropods in the Sahel. Biological Control 26, 333-340.

Blanford, S., Thomas, M.B., Pugh, C. & Pell, J.K. (2003). Temperature checks the Red Queen? Resistance and virulence in a fluctuating environment. Ecology Letters 6, 2-5.

Elliot, S.L., Blanford, S., Horton, C. & Thomas, M.B. (2003). Fever and phenotype: Transgenerational effect of disease on desert locust phase state. Ecology Letters 6, 830-836.

Hokkanen, H.M.T., Bigler, F., Burgio, G., van Lenteren, J.C., & Thomas, M.B. (2003). Ecological risk assessment framework for biological control. In: Environmental Impacts of Microbial Insecticides: Need and Methods for Risk Assessment (Ed. by H.M.T Hokkanen and A.E. Hajek). Kluwer. pp 1-14.

Stacey, D.A., Thomas, M.B., Blanford, S., Pell., J.K., Pugh, C. & Fellowes, M.D.E. (2003). Genotype and temperature influence pea aphid resistance to a fungal entomopathogen. Physiological Entomology 28, 75-81.

van Lenteren, J.C., Babendreier, D., Bigler, F., Burgio, G., Hokkanen, H.M.T., Loomans, A., Menzler-Hokkanen, I., van Rijn, P.C.J., Thomas, M.B. & Tommasini, G. (2003). Environmental risk assessment of exotic natural enemies used in inundative biological control. BioControl 48, 3-38.

van Lenteren, J.C., Babendreier, D., Bigler, F., Burgio, G., Hokkanen, H.M.T., Loomans, A., Menzler-Hokkanen, I., Thomas, M.B., Tommasini, G. & van Rijn, P.C.J. (2003). Regulation of import and release of mass produced natural enemies: a risk assessment approach. In: Quality Control of Natural Enemies (Ed. by J.C. van Lenteren). CABI, Wallingford, Oxon, pp. 191-214.

Quinlan, M.M., Mumford, J.D., Waage, J.K. and Thomas, M. (2003) Proposals for revision of code of conduct. Biocontrol News and Information, 24: 1N-3N.

2002 Go back to top

Elliot, S.L., Blanford, S. & Thomas, M.B. (2002). Host-pathogen interactions in a varying environment: temperature, behavioural fever and fitness. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B 269, 1599-1607.

Gardner, S.N. & Thomas, M.B. (2002). Costs and benefits of fighting infection in locusts. Evolutionary Ecology Research 4, 109-131.

Lynch, L.D., Ives, A.R., Waage, J.K., Hochberg, M.E. & Thomas, M.B. (2002). The risks of biocontrol: transient impacts and minimum nontarget densities. Ecological Applications 12, 1872-1882.

Wilby A. & Thomas, M.B. (2002). Natural enemy diversity and pest control: patterns of pest emergence with agricultural intensification. Ecology Letters 5, 353-360.

Wilby, A. & Thomas, M.B. (2002). Are the ecological concepts of assembly and function of biodiversity useful frameworks for understanding natural pest control? Agricultural and Forest Entomology 4, 237-243.

Wilson, K., Thomas, M.B., Blanford, S., Dogget, M.J., Simpson, S.J. & Moore, S.L. & (2002). Coping with crowds: density-dependent disease resistance in desert locusts. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 99, 5471-5475.

2001 Go back to top

Thomas, M.B. (2001). Insect germ warfare. NERC News, Summer 2001, pp. 16-17.

Arthurs, S. P. & Thomas, M.B. (2001). Effects of temperature and relative humidity on sporulation of Metarhizium anisopliae var acridum in mycosed cadavers of Schistocerca gregaria. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 78, 59-65.

Arthurs, S.P. & Thomas, M.B. (2001). Investigation into behavioural changes in Schistocerca gregaria following infection with a mycoinsecticide: implications for susceptibility to predation. Ecological Entomology 26, 227-234.

Arthurs, S. P. & Thomas, M.B. (2001). Effect of dose, pre-mortem host incubation temperature and thermal behaviour on host mortality and mycosis and sporulation of Metarhizium anisopliae var acridum in Schistocerca gregaria. Biocontrol Science and Technology 11, 411-420.

Arthurs, S. P., Thomas, M.B. & Lawton, J. L. (2001). Seasonal patterns of persistence and infectivity of Metarhizium anisopliae var acridum in grasshopper cadavers in the Sahel. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 100, 69-76.

Blanford, S. & Thomas, M.B. (2001). Adult survival, maturation and reproduction of the desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria, infected with Metarhizium anisopliae var. acridum. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 78, 1-8.

Lomer, C.J., Bateman, R.P., Johnson, D.L., Langewald, J. & Thomas, M.B. (2001). Biological control of locusts and grasshoppers. Annual Review of Entomology 46, 667 – 702.

Lynch, L.D., Hokkanen, H.M.T., Babendreier, D., Bigler, F., Burgio, G., Gao, Z.-H., Kuske, S., Loomans, A., Menzler-Hokkanen, I., Thomas, M.B., Tommasini, G., Waage, J., van Lenteren, J.C., Zeng, Q.-Q. (2001). Indirect effects in the biological control of arthropods. In: Evaluating Indirect Ecological Effects of Biological Control (Ed. by E. Wajnberg, J.C. Scott & P.C. Quimby). CABI, Wallingford, Oxon, pp. 99-126.

Wilson, J.R., Rees, M., Holst, N., Thomas, M.B. & Hill, G. (2001). Population dynamics of water hyacinth. Biological and Integrated Control of Water Hyacinth, ACIAR Proceedings No. 102, 96-104.

Thomas, M.B. (2000). Development of a mycoinsecticide for biological control of locusts in Southern Africa. In: Research Priorities for Migrant Pests of Agriculture in Southern Africa (Ed. By R.A. Cheke, L.J. Rosenberg, Kieser, M.E.). Proceedings of a DFID/NRI/ARC-PPRI workshop, Pretoria, South Africa, 24-26 March 1999. Natural Resources Institute, Chatham, UK, pp. 173-182.

2000 Go back to top

Thomas, M.B., Klass, J. & Blanford, S. (2000). The year of the locust. Pesticide Outlook 11, 192-195.

Thomas, M.B. (2000). Locust control: Europe learns from Africa. Biocontrol News and Information 21, 29N.

Thomas, M.B., Cory, J., Myers, J. & Lynch, L.D. (2000). Indirect and non-target effects of biological control. Biocontrol News and Information 21, 14N-16N.

Arthurs, S. & Thomas, M.B. (2000). Effects of a mycoinsecticide on feeding and fecundity of the brown locust, Locustana pardalina. Biocontrol Science and Technology 10, 321-329.

Blanford, S. & Thomas, M.B. (2000). Thermal Behavior of Two Acridid Species: Effects of Habitat and Season on Body Temperature and the Potential Impact on Biocontrol with Pathogens. Environmental Entomology 29, 1060-1069.

Blanford, S., Thomas, M.B. & Langewald, J. (2000). Thermal ecology of Zonocerus variegatus and its effect on biocontrol using pathogens. Agricultural and Forest Entomology 2, 3-10.

Lynch, L.D. & Thomas, M.B. (2000). Nontarget effects in the biocontrol of insects using insects, nematodes and microbial agents: the evidence. Biocontrol News and Information 21, 117N-130N.

Publications before 2000 Go back to top

Thomas, M.B. (1999). Ecological approaches and the development of ‘truly integrated’ pest management. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 96, 5944-5951.

Thomas, M.B. & Blanford, S. (1999). How much do we value applied environmental research? Trends in Ecology and Evolution 14, 71.

Thomas, M.B. & Kedwards, T.J. (Eds.) (1999). Aspects of Applied Biology 53, Challenges in Applied Population Biology. Association of Applied Biologists, HRI, Wellesbourne.

Thomas, M.B., Wood, S.N. & Solorzano, V. (1999). Application of insect-pathogen models to biological control. In: Theoretical Approaches to Biological Control (Ed. by B.A. Hawkins & H.V. Cornell). University Press, Cambridge, pp 368-384.

Arthurs, S.P. & Thomas, M.B. (1999). Factors affecting horizontal transmission of entomopathogenic fungi in locusts and grasshoppers. Aspects of Applied Biology 53, Challenges in Applied Population Biology, 89-98.

Blanford, S. & Thomas, M.B. (1999). Role of thermal biology in disease dynamics. Aspects of Applied Biology 53, Challenges in Applied Population Biology, 73-82.

Blanford, S. & Thomas, M.B. (1999). Host thermal biology: the key to understanding insect-pathogen interactions and microbial pest control? Agricultural and Forest Entomology 1, 195-202.

Wood, S.N. & Thomas, M.B. (1999). Super-sensitivity to structure in biological models. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B 266, 565-570.

Willis, A.J., Thomas, M.B. & Lawton, J.H. (1999). Is the increased vigour of invasive weeds explained by a trade-off between growth and herbivore resistance? Oecologia 120, 588-594.

Watson, E., Jenkins, N.E. & Thomas, M.B. (1999). Variability and adaptability of mitosporic fungi selected for biocontrol of insect pests. Aspects of Applied Biology 53, Challenges in Applied Population Biology, 113-118.

Lomer, C.J., Bateman, R.P., Dent, D., De Groote, H., O.-K. Douro-Kpindou, Kooyman, C., Langewald, J., Ouambama, Z., Peveling, R. & Thomas, M.B. (1999). Development of strategies for the incorporation of biological pesticides into the integrated management of locusts and grasshoppers. Agricultural and Forest Entomology 1, 71-88.

Thomas, M.B. & Blanford, S. (1998). Current and future strategies for locust and grasshopper control. Pesticide Outlook 9, 13-16.

Thomas, M.B. & Willis, A.J. (1998). Biocontrol – risky but necessary? Trends in Ecology and Evolution 13, 325-329.

Thomas, M.B., Blanford, S., Gbongboui, C. & Lomer, C.J. (1988). Experimental studies to evaluate spray applications of a mycoinsecticide against the rice grasshopper, Hieroglyphus daganensis, in northern Benin. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 87, 93-102.

Blanford, S., Thomas, M.B. & Langewald, J. (1998). Behavioural fever in a population of the Sengalese grasshopper, Oedaleus senegalensis, and its implications for biological control using pathogens. Ecological Entomology 23, 9-14.

Wratten, S.D., van Emden, H.F. & Thomas, M.B. (1998). Within-field and border refugia for the enhancement of natural enemies. In: Enhancing Biological Control – Habitat Management to Promote Natural Enemies of Agricultural Pests (Ed. by C.H. Pickett & R.L. Bugg). Ag Access Corporation / John Wiley Ltd, pp 375-403.

Thomas, M.B. & Jenkins, N.E. (1997). Effects of temperature on growth of Metarhizium flavoviride and virulence to the variegated grasshopper, Zonocerus variegatus. Mycological Research 101, 1469-1474.

Thomas, M.B. & Waage, J.K. (1997). Integration of biological control and host plant resistance breeding for insect pests. In: Integrating Host Plant Resistance and Biological Control, pp 187-218. Proceedings of a CTA/IAR/IIBC Seminar, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 9-14 October 1995. Technical Centre for Agricultural and Rural Co-operation of the European Union (CTA), Wageningen, Netherlands.

Thomas, M.B. & Wood, S.N. (1997). Fungal ecology and its application to the practical use of mycoinsecticides. In: BPBC Symposium Proceedings No. 68, Microbial Insecticides: Novelty or Necessity? pp. 63-72.

Thomas, M.B., Blanford, S. & Lomer, C.J. (1997). Reduction of feeding by the variegated grasshopper, Zonocerus variegatus, following infection by the fungal pathogen, Metarhizium flavoviride. Biocontrol Science and Technology 7, 327-334.

Thomas, M.B., Wood, S.N., Langewald, J. & Lomer, C.J. (1997). Persistence of biopesticides and consequences for biological control of grasshoppers and locusts. Pesticide Science 49, 47-55.

Langewald, J., Thomas, M.B., Lomer, C.J. & Douro-Kpindou, O.K. (1997). Use of Metarhizium flavoviride for control of Zonocerus variegatus : A model relating mortality in caged field samples with disease development in the field. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 82, 1-8.

Lomer, C.J., Thomas, M.B., Godonou, I., Shah, P., Douro-Kpindou, O.-K. & Langewald, J. (1997). Control of grasshoppers, particularly Hieroglyphus daganensis, in northern Benin using Metarhizium flavoviride. In: Microbial Control of Grasshoppers and Locusts (Ed. by M.S. Goettel & D.L. Johnson). pp. 301-311. Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada.

Smith, M.C., Reeder, R.H. & Thomas, M.B. (1997). A model to determine the potential for biological control of Rottboellia cochinchinensis with the head smut Sporisorium ophiuri. Journal of Applied Ecology 34, 388-398.

Kooyman, C., Bateman, R.P., Langewald, J., Lomer, C.J., Ouambama, Z, & Thomas, M.B. (1997). Operational-scale application of entomopathogenic fungi for control of Sahelian grasshoppers. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B 264, 541-546.

Thomas, M.B. & Waage, J.K. (1996). Integration of Biological Control and Host Plant Resistance Breeding – A Scientific and Literature Review, 99 pp. Technical Centre for Agricultural and Rural Co-operation of the European Union (CTA), Wageningen, Netherlands.

Thomas, M.B., Gbongboui, C. & Lomer, C.J. (1996). Between-season survival of the grasshopper pathogen Metarhizium flavoviride in the Sahel. Biocontrol Science and Technology 6, 569-573.

Thomas, M.B., Langewald, J. & Wood, S.N. (1996). Evaluating the effects of a biopesticide on populations of the variegated grasshopper, Zonocerus variegatus. Journal of Applied Ecology 33, 1509-1516.

Bateman, R.P. & Thomas, M.B. (1996). Pathogen application against locusts and grasshoppers: insecticide or biological control? Antenna 20, 10-15.

Jenkins, N.E. & Thomas, M.B. (1996). Effect of formulation and application method on the efficacy of aerial and submerged conidia of Metarhizium flavoviride for locust and grasshopper control. Pesticide Science 46, 299-306.

Wood, S.N. & Thomas, M.B. (1996). Space, time and persistence of virulent pathogens. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B 263, 673-680.

Reeder, R.H., Ellison, C.A. & Thomas, M.B. (1996). Population dynamic aspects of the interaction between the weed Rottboellia cochinchinensis (itch grass) and the potential biological control agent Sporisorium ophiuri (head smut). In: Proceedings of the IX International Symposium on Biological Control of Weeds (Ed. by V.C. Moran & J.E. Hoffmann), pp. 205-211. University of Cape Town, South Africa.

Thomas, M.B., Wood, S.N. & Lomer, C.J. (1995). Biological control of locusts and grasshoppers using a fungal pathogen: the importance of secondary cycling. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B 259, 265-270.

Dennis, P., Thomas, M.B. & Sotherton, N.W. (1994). Structural features of field boundaries which influence the overwintering densities of beneficial arthropod predators. Journal of Applied Ecology 31, 361-370.

Hawkins, B.A., Hochberg, M.E. & Thomas, M.B. (1994). Biological control and refuge theory. Science 265, 812-813.

Hawkins, B.A., Thomas, M.B. & Hochberg, M.E. (1993). Refuge theory and biological control. Science 262, 1429-1432.

Dennis, P., Fry, G.L.A. & Thomas, M.B. (1993). The effects of reduced doses of insecticide on aphids and their natural enemies in oats. Norwegian Journal of Agricultural Science 7, 311-325.

Thomas, M.B., Mitchell, H.J. & Wratten, S.D. (1992). Abiotic and biotic factors influencing winter distribution of predatory insects on farmland. Oecologia 89, 78-84.

Thomas, M.B., Wratten, S.D. & Sotherton, N.W. (1992). Creation of island habitats in farmland to manipulate populations of beneficial arthropods: predator densities and species composition. Journal of Applied Ecology 29, 524-531.

Thomas, M.B., Sotherton, N.W., Coombes, D.S. & Wratten, S.D. (1992). Habitat factors influencing the distribution of polyphagous predatory insects between field boundaries. Annals of Applied Biology 120, 197-202.

Thomas, M.B. (1991). Management of fields and field boundaries to encourage natural enemies of cereal aphids. Game Conservancy Annual Review of 1990, 69-70

Thomas, M.B., Wratten, S.D. & Sotherton, N.W. (1991). Creation of island habitats in farmland to manipulate populations of beneficial arthropods: predator densities and emigration. Journal of Applied Ecology 28, 906-917.

Thomas, M.B. (1990). The effect of man-made grassy habitats for enhancing carabid populations in arable land. In: The Role of Carabid Beetles in Ecology and Environmental Studies (Ed. by N.E. Stork), pp 77-86. Intercept, Andover, Hampshire.

Thomas, M.B. & Wratten, S.D. (1990). Ecosystem diversification to encourage natural enemies of cereal aphids. Brighton Crop Protection Conference – Pests & Diseases 2, 691-696.

Wratten, S.D. & Thomas, M.B. (1990). Environmental manipulation for the encouragement of natural enemies of pests. In: BPBC Monograph No. 45, Organic and Low Input Agriculture, pp 87-92.

Thomas, M.B. (1989). The creation of island habitats to enhance populations of beneficial insects. Brighton Crop Protection Conference – Weeds 3, 1097-1102.

Boatman, N., Dover, J., Wilson, P., Thomas, M.B. & Cowgill, S. (1989). Modifications of farming practice at field margins to encourage wildlife and promote pest control. In Biological Habitat Construction (Ed. by G.P. Buckley), pp 299-311. Belhaven Press, London.

Thomas, M.B. & Wratten, S.D. (1988). Manipulating the arable crop environment to enhance the activity of predatory insects. Aspects of Applied Biology 17, 57-66.